As part of our Rebuilding After Wildfire initiative, we’re introducing a new companion series: Built to Endure. This series breaks down the materials and construction strategies that make homes stronger and safer—starting at the top, with roofs and eaves.
In a wildfire, embers don’t just fall from the sky—they fly with the wind, landing on rooftops and sneaking into the most vulnerable parts of a home. That’s why the roof, along with its edges and openings, is one of the most important elements in building a fire-resilient home.
The good news? With the right materials and smart detailing, your home’s greatest vulnerability can become one of its strongest defenses.
Why Roofs Are So Vulnerable
Research shows that flying embers, not direct flames, are the cause of most home ignitions during wildfires. Roofs are especially at risk in areas where:
- Leaves and debris build up (such as gutters, roof valleys, or where the roof meets a wall)
- Vents and soffits are not properly covered
- Combustible materials, like untreated wood shingles, are used
The shape, slope, and materials of your roof all play a role in how it performs during a fire.
TOP FIRE-RESISTANT ROOFING MATERIALS
In wildfire-prone regions like California, Class A roofing systems are not only required by code—they’re backed by years of real-world experience.
1. Standing Seam Metal Roofing
- Why it works: Non-combustible, durable, and sleek. Metal deflects embers and sheds debris.
- Bonus: Clean lines with concealed fasteners reduce weak points.
- Best for: Modern homes that prioritize durability and design.
2. Concrete or Clay Tiles
- Why it works: Highly fire-resistant and great at insulating heat.
- Watch out: If installed incorrectly, gaps can allow embers to enter.
- Best for: Mediterranean, Spanish, or traditionally styled homes.
3. Class A Asphalt Shingles (High-Density Composite)
- Why it works: Affordable and widely available in fire-rated versions.
- Note: Must be installed as part of a tested fire-rated system.
- Best for: Conventional or budget-conscious homes in wildfire zones.
4. Slate or Synthetic Slate
- Why it works: Naturally fireproof, dense, and visually striking.
- Tradeoff: Heavy material—may require structural support.
- Best for: Homes prioritizing beauty and longevity.
5. TPO (Thermoplastic Polyolefin) Roofing
- Why it works: A fire-rated, heat-reflective, and waterproof membrane that resists ignition and slows flame spread.
- Bonus: UV- and puncture-resistant; helps lower indoor temps and reduce heat island effects.
- Best for: Flat or low-slope roofs on modern homes that need performance and resilience.
VENTING + EAVES • SMALL OPENINGS = BIG RISKS
Even the best roof system can fail if embers find their way into unprotected eaves or vents. These tiny intrusions can lead to massive damage.
1. Eaves + Soffits
- Enclose eaves whenever possible—open rafter tails are more vulnerable
- Use non-combustible or ignition-resistant soffit materials
- Add vent baffles or coatings that expand under heat to block fire
2. Roof + Gable Vents
- Upgrade to ember-resistant vents with 1/16 to 1/8-inch mesh or special baffled designs
- Consider automatic closing vents that seal when temperatures rise
- Avoid placing vents in vulnerable areas without additional fire protections
- Design for enclosed attic spaces where feasible to limit air movement and ember intrusion
- If skylights are used in your roof design, use glass in favor of acrylic skylight options
3. Gutters + Fascias
- Use metal gutters (not vinyl, which can melt)
- Add gutter guards to prevent leaf and needle buildup
- Choose fascia boards that are non-combustible or treated for fire resistance
HIDDEN PROTECTION • WHAT IS BENEATH THE ROOF
Your visible roof finish is only the top layer. A fire-resistant roof often includes:
- Fire-rated underlayments, usually fiberglass-based
- Radiant barriers or fire-stop sheathing
- Non-combustible decking and flashing materials
These hidden layers are key to slowing the spread of fire and keeping your home intact.
SIMPLE PREVENTATIVE MEASRUES
1. Keep It Clean
- Debris Removal: Dry leaves, pine needles, and branches are fuel for embers. Clean your roof and gutters regularly, especially during fire season
2. Skylight Safety
- Skylight Protection: Skylights can be entry points for embers. Choose fire-resistant models and keep them closed during high-risk times
3. Gutter Maintenance
- Stay Ahead of Build-Up: Gutters full of debris can ignite easily. Use metal gutters and clean them at least twice a year.
Next Up in the Series:
We’ll move from the roofline down to siding and walls—uncovering the strategies and materials that can stop flames in their tracks.
